China Patent Law Revolution to Global Innovation

Over four decades, China patent system has evolved from a tentative adaptation to global standards into a cornerstone of its innovation-driven economy. Enacted in 1984, the Patent Law initially aimed to attract foreign investment by protecting intellectual property (IP), with just 1,142 patents granted in its first year. By 2023, China ranked first globally in patent filings, accounting for over 25% of global applications, including leading PCT submissions for four consecutive years.

Key milestones include revisions in 1992 (expanding coverage to software and business methods), 2000 (aligning with WTO TRIPS Agreement), and 2020 (introducing punitive damages up to five times losses to deter infringement). The 2020 overhaul also prioritized AI, biotech, and green tech patents, reflecting strategic shifts toward high-tech sovereignty. Today, China patent ecosystem balances quantity with quality, bolstered by reforms in examination efficiency and judicial enforcement. However, challenges persist, including international scrutiny over IP enforcement and competition with advanced economies.